Searching Students and Confiscation of Student Property

Introduction

1. The Headteacher and staff authorised by the Headteacher have a statutory power (DfE: Searching, screening and confiscation, 2016) to search students or their possessions, without consent, where they have reasonable grounds for suspecting that the student may have a Prohibited Item. Prohibited Items are:
   1. Knives or weapons
   2. Alcohol
   3. Illegal drugs
   4. Stolen items
   5. Tobacco
   6. Fireworks
   7. Pornographic images
   8. Any article that the member of staff reasonably suspects has been, or is likely to be, used to commit an offence, or to cause personal injury to, or damage to the property of, any person (including the student)
2. The Headteacher and authorised staff can also search for any other prohibited item, as outlined in the Behaviour for Learning Policy
3. The School is not required to inform parents/carers before a search takes place or to seek their consent
4. The School will inform parents/carers if drugs are found as a result of a search
5. The School is not required to keep a record of a search, however, the School will keep a record if a prohibited item is found
6. Health and safety legislation requires a school to be managed in a way which does not expose students or staff to risks to their health and safety
7. If a student fails to comply when a search is required and the student is not permitted on the School site, the absence will be recorded as unauthorised

Confiscation

1. School staff can seize any prohibited item found as a result of a search
2. They can also seize any item, however found, which they consider harmful or detrimental to School discipline

Searching with consent

1. School staff can search students with their consent for any item. Staff are not required to have formal written consent from the student, nor his/her parent/carer, for this type of search – it is enough for the teacher to ask the student to turn out his or her pockets or if the teacher can look in the student's bag or locker and for the student to agree
2. If a member of staff suspects a student has a banned item in his/her possession, they will instruct the student to turn out his or her pockets or bag and, if the student refuses, the member of staff can apply an appropriate sanction as set out in the School's Behaviour for Learning Policy
3. A student refusing to co-operate with such a search raises the same kind of issues as where a student refuses to stay in a detention or refuses to stop any other unacceptable behaviour when instructed by a member of staff – in such circumstances, the School will apply an appropriate sanction

Searching without consent

1. Staff have the power to search without consent for:
   1. Knives or weapons, alcohol, illegal drugs and stolen items
   2. Tobacco and cigarette papers, fireworks and pornographic images
   3. Any article that the member of staff reasonably suspects has been, or is likely to be, used to commit an offence, or to cause personal injury to, or damage to property
   4. Any item prohibited by the Behaviour for Learning Policy which has been identified as an item which may be searched for
2. The staff member conducting a personal search should be the same sex as the student being searched
3. There should be a witness (another member of staff) and, if possible, they will, in the case of a personal search, be the same sex as the student being searched
4. A member of staff can carry out a search of a student of the opposite sex and/or without a witness present, but only if they reasonably believe that there is a risk that serious harm will be caused to a person if they do not conduct the search immediately and where it is not reasonably practicable to summon another member of staff
5. In the exceptional circumstances when it is necessary to conduct a search of a student of the opposite sex or in the absence of a witness, the member of staff conducting the search should bear in mind that a student's expectation of privacy increases as they get older
6. Members of staff can only undertake a search without consent if they have reasonable grounds for suspecting that a student may have in his or her possession a prohibited item. The staff member must decide in each particular case what constitutes reasonable grounds for suspicion. For example, they may have heard other students talking about the item or they might notice a student behaving in a way that causes them to be suspicious
7. Searches without consent can only be carried out on the School premises, or, if elsewhere, where the member of staff has lawful control or charge of the student

During the search

1. The person conducting the search may not require the student to remove any clothing other than outer clothing. 'Outer clothing' means clothing that is not worn next to the skin or immediately over a garment that is being worn as underwear but 'outer clothing' includes:
   1. Hats
   2. Shoes
   3. Boots
   4. Gloves
   5. Coat/Blazer
   6. Scarves
2. The power to search without consent enables a personal search, involving removal of outer clothing and searching of pockets
3. 'Possessions' means any goods over which the student has or appears to have control – this includes desks, lockers and bags
4. A student's possessions can only be searched in the presence of the student and another member of staff, except where there is a risk that serious harm will be caused to a person if the search is not conducted immediately and where it is not reasonably practicable to summon another member of staff
5. A student is permitted to have a locker at the School under the condition that they consent to having it searched for any prohibited items listed in this policy
6. Members of staff can use such force as is reasonable given the circumstances when conducting a search for knives or weapons, alcohol, illegal drugs, stolen items, tobacco and cigarette papers, fireworks, pornographic images or articles that have been or could be used to commit an offence or cause harm

After the search

1. The member of staff can use their discretion to confiscate, retain and/or destroy any item found as a result of a 'with consent' search so long as it is reasonable in the circumstances. Where any article is thought to be a weapon it must be passed to the Police
2. Staff have a defence to any complaint or other action brought against them. The law protects members of staff from liability in any proceedings brought against them for any loss of, or damage to, any item they have confiscated, provided they acted lawfully
3. A staff member carrying out a search can seize anything they have reasonable grounds for suspecting is a prohibited item or is evidence in relation to an offence
4. Where a staff member conducting a search finds alcohol, they may retain or dispose of it. This means that schools can dispose of alcohol as they think appropriate but this should not include returning it to the student
5. Where members of staff find controlled drugs, these must be delivered to the Police as soon as possible but may be disposed of if the member of staff thinks there is a good reason to do so
6. Where they find other substances which are not believed to be controlled drugs these can be confiscated where a member of staff believes them to be harmful or detrimental to good order and discipline
7. Where they find valuable stolen items, these must be delivered to the Police as soon as reasonably practicable – but may be returned to the owner (or may be retained or disposed of if returning them to their owner is not practicable) if the member of staff thinks that there is a good reason to do so
8. Where a member of staff finds tobacco or cigarette papers they may retain or dispose of them, but must not return them to the student
9. Fireworks found as a result of a search may be retained or disposed of but should not be returned to the student
10. If a member of staff finds a pornographic image, they may dispose of the image unless its possession constitutes a specified offence (i.e. it is extreme or child pornography - also see YPSI guidance in the School's Safeguarding Policy), in which case it must be delivered to the Police as soon as reasonably practicable
11. Where an item that has been (or could be) used to commit an offence or to cause personal injury or damage to property is found, it may be delivered to the Police or returned to a responsible owner, however, it may also be retained or disposed of
12. Where a member of staff finds an item which is prohibited in the Behaviour for Learning Policy they should take into account all relevant circumstances and use their professional judgement to decide whether to return it to its owner, retain it or dispose of it
13. Any weapons or items which are evidence of an offence must be passed to the Police as soon as possible
14. Where the member of staff conducting the search finds an electronic device that is prohibited by the Behaviour for Learning Policy or that they reasonably suspect has been, or is likely to be, used to commit an offence or cause personal injury or damage to property, they may examine any data or files on the device where there is good reason to do so
    1. They may also delete data or files if they think there is good reason to do so, unless they are going to give the device to the Police
    2. In determining a 'good reason' to examine or erase the data or files, the member of staff should reasonably suspect that the data or file on the device in question has been, or could be, used to cause harm, to disrupt teaching or be in breach of the Behaviour for Learning Policy
    3. Material on the device that is suspected to be evidence relevant to an offence, or that is a pornographic image of a child or an extreme pornographic image, should not be deleted prior to giving the device to the Police
    4. Guidance in relation to Youth Produced Sexual Imagery (YPSI) can be found in the School's Safeguarding Policy
    5. There is no need to have parental consent to search through a student's device if it has been seized in a lawful search

Sanctions

The discovery of any prohibited items will result in sanctions being applied in line with the School's Behaviour for Learning Policy. The level of sanction will be decided by a member of the School's LT, but may include one or more of the following:

1. Detention
2. Internal Isolation
3. Fixed-term Exclusion
4. Permanent Exclusion

Date of next Review

May 2019